mrna expression levels  (TaKaRa)

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: BMP6 as a therapeutic target for preeclampsia: enhancing trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06040-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: ID1 mediates BMP6-induced trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry. A-D , BMP6 upregulated ID1 mRNA and protein levels in HTR8/SVneo cells. A and B , HTR8/SVneo cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50 or 100 ng/mL) of BMP6, and the ID1 mRNA levels after 6 h of treatment ( A ) and the ID1 protein levels after 24 h of treatment ( B ) were examined by RT‒qPCR and Western blot analysis, respectively. C - D , ID1 protein levels in HTR8/SVneo cells ( C ) and primary EVTs ( D ) after treatment with vehicle (Ctrl) or 50 ng/mL BMP6 for different durations. E‒I , ID1 mediates BMP6-promoted human trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry. HTR8/SVneo cells or primary human EVTs were transfected for 48 h with 20 nM control non-targeting siRNA (si-Ctrl) or siRNA targeting ID1 (si- ID1 ) before treatment with or without 50 ng/mL BMP6. E and F , ID1 mRNA levels were examined by qPCR after BMP6 treatment for 6 h in HTR8/SVneo cells ( E ) and primary EVTs ( F ), with GAPDH used as the reference gene. G and H , Transwell assays were employed to examine the invasiveness of HTR8/SVneo cells ( G ) and primary EVTs ( H ) with or without BMP6 treatment for 36 h. Representative images from the invasion assay are displayed in the upper panel, while the summarized quantitative results of the invasion assay are shown in the lower panel. Scale bar, 100 μm. I , Endothelial-like tube formation assays were used to assess the acquisition of the endothelial-like phenotype of HTR8/SVneo cells with or without BMP6 treatment for 12 h. Representative images from the endothelial-like tube formation assay are displayed in the upper panel, while the summarized quantitative results of the endothelial-like tube formation assay are shown in the lower panel. Scale bar, 100 μm. The quantitative results are expressed as the means ± SEMs of at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used for analyses in A and B . Two-way ANOVA was used for grouped analyses in C - I . Groups without letters are significantly different from each other ( P < 0.05). BMP6, bone morphogenetic protein 6; ID1, inhibitor of DNA-binding 1; Ctrl, control

Article Snippet: A PrimeScriptTM RT Reagent Kit (TaKaRa, RR047A, Kusatsu, Japan) was used for complementary DNA synthesis, and mRNA expression levels were quantified using TB GreenTM Premix Ex TaqTM (TaKaRa, RR420A).

Techniques: Western Blot, Transfection, Control, Invasion Assay, Tube Formation Assay, Binding Assay

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: BMP6 as a therapeutic target for preeclampsia: enhancing trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06040-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: ID1 mediates BMP6-induced SERPINE2 and PlGF upregulation in human trophoblasts. A-C , BMP6 upregulates SERPINE2 protein levels in trophoblasts. A , HTR8/SVneo cells were treated with different concentrations (0, 6.25, 12.5, 25, 50, or 100 ng/mL) of BMP6, and the SERPINE2 protein levels after 24 h of treatment were examined by Western blot analysis. The upper panel shows a representative Western blot image, and the lower panel shows the summarized quantitative results. B , SERPINE2 protein levels in HTR8/SVneo cells after treatment with vehicle (Ctrl) or 50 ng/mL BMP6 for different durations (24, 48, and 72 h). The upper panel shows a representative Western blot image, and the lower panel shows the summarized quantitative results. C , SERPINE2 protein levels in human primary EVTs. The left panel shows a representative Western blot image, and the right panel shows the summarized quantitative results. D-E , BMP6 promotes PlGF accumulation in the conditioned medium of trophoblasts. D , HTR8/SVneo cells were treated with or without 50 ng/mL BMP6 for 24–48 h. PlGF accumulation in conditioned medium was measured using ELISA. E , PlGF accumulation in conditioned medium was assayed by ELISA 48 h after BMP6 treatment in primary EVTs. F-J , ID1 mediates BMP6-induced SERPINE2 and PlGF upregulation in human trophoblasts. HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected for 48 h with 20 nM control non-targeting siRNA (si-Ctrl) or siRNA targeting ID1 (si- ID1 ) before treatment with or without 50 ng/mL BMP6. F , ID1 mRNA levels were examined by qPCR 6 h after BMP6 (50 ng/mL) treatment in HTR8/SVneo cells, with GAPDH used as the reference gene. G and H , SERPINE2 and ID1 protein levels in HTR8/SVneo cells ( G ) and human primary EVTs ( H ) after transfection with siRNA targeting ID1 , followed by treatment with or without BMP6 for 24 h, as assessed by Western blot. The left panel shows a representative Western blot image, and the right panel shows the summarized quantitative results. I , PGF mRNA levels were examined by qPCR 6 h after BMP6 treatment in HTR8/SVneo cells, with GAPDH used as the reference gene. J , PlGF accumulation in conditioned medium was assayed by ELISA 24 h after BMP6 treatment in HTR8/SVneo cells. K , SMAD4 mediates BMP6-induced upregulation of PlGF in human trophoblasts. HTR8/SVneo cells were transfected for 48 h with 20 nM control non-targeting siRNA (si-Ctrl) or siRNA targeting SMAD4 (si- SMAD4 ) before treatment with or without 50 ng/mL BMP6. PlGF accumulation in conditioned medium was assayed by ELISA 24 h after BMP6 treatment in HTR8/SVneo cells. The quantitative results are expressed as the means ± SEMs of at least three independent experiments. One-way ANOVA was used for analyses in A , and two-way ANOVA was used for comparisons in B-K . Groups without common letters are significantly different from each other ( P < 0.05). BMP6, bone morphogenetic protein 6; SERPINE2, serpin family E member 2; EVT, extravillous cytotrophoblast; Ctrl, control; PlGF, placental growth factor; ID1, inhibitor of DNA-binding 1

Article Snippet: A PrimeScriptTM RT Reagent Kit (TaKaRa, RR047A, Kusatsu, Japan) was used for complementary DNA synthesis, and mRNA expression levels were quantified using TB GreenTM Premix Ex TaqTM (TaKaRa, RR420A).

Techniques: Western Blot, Enzyme-linked Immunosorbent Assay, Transfection, Control, Binding Assay

Journal: Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences: CMLS

Article Title: BMP6 as a therapeutic target for preeclampsia: enhancing trophoblast invasion and vascular mimicry

doi: 10.1007/s00018-025-06040-w

Figure Lengend Snippet: BMP6 is elevated in patients with PE and in PE model rats. A-C , BMP6 is elevated in patients with PE. A , RT‒qPCR analysis of BMP6 mRNA expression levels in the placentas of control women ( n = 10) and PE patients ( n = 10), with GAPDH as the reference gene. B , Western blot analysis of BMP6 protein expression levels in the placentas of control women ( n = 4) and PE patients ( n = 4). C , Spearman correlation analysis between the placental BMP6 mRNA levels and the value of log10 (SBP) of the corresponding patients. The gray area represents the 95% CI. Each dot represents one sample. D , The animal experimental protocol. E and F , BMP6 is elevated in the plasma of PE model rats. Rat plasma levels of BMP6 ( E ) and PlGF ( F ) in the Ad Fc + PBS group ( n = 4) and Ad Flt1 + PBS group ( n = 4). G-M , BMP6 is elevated in the placenta of PE model rats at G13. RNA-seq analysis of rat placentas at G13 in the Ad Fc + PBS group ( n = 3) and Ad Flt1 + PBS group ( n = 3). G , Heatmap depicting DEGs in the two groups. H , Dot plots of significantly enriched GO terms; the dot size represents the number of DEGs associated with a particular GO term. I , KEGG hierarchical network plot of pathways. J , GSEA-KEGG Ridge plot of pathways. K , GSEA plots of cytokine-cytokine receptor interaction pathway. L , Volcano plot of RNA-seq data showing DEGs between the Ad Fc + PBS group and the Ad Flt1 + PBS group. M , Circos graph displaying the coexpression networks of five genes in rat placenta samples. Each sector of the circle represents one gene, and its width indicates the total amount of co-occurrence that connects one gene to the other. The width of each link represents the total number of coexpressed genes among the linked genes. Student’s t-test was used for comparisons between two groups in A , B , E , and F . Groups without common letters are significantly different from each other ( P < 0.05). SD, Sprague–Dawley; BMP6, bone morphogenetic protein 6; PlGF, placental growth factor; PBS, phosphate-buffered saline; Ad Flt1, adenovirus expressing fms-like tyrosine kinase-1; Ad Fc, adenovirus-expressing control IgG2a Fc fragment; FC, fold change; Serpine2, serpin family E member 2; Id1, inhibitor of DNA-binding 1

Article Snippet: A PrimeScriptTM RT Reagent Kit (TaKaRa, RR047A, Kusatsu, Japan) was used for complementary DNA synthesis, and mRNA expression levels were quantified using TB GreenTM Premix Ex TaqTM (TaKaRa, RR420A).

Techniques: Expressing, Control, Western Blot, Clinical Proteomics, RNA Sequencing, Saline, Binding Assay

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A In silico TMBIM6 mRNA expression in human CNS from THPA database. B Tmbim6 mRNA expression on N2a cells after 18 h of exposure to 25 μM 6-OHDA or 50 μM rotenone. C Tmbim6 mRNA levels over time in PCNs exposed to aSyn for 96 h. D Changes of expression of Tmbim6 , BcL2 , and Bax over time in PCNs exposed to aSyn for 96 h. E Representative Western blots of total protein extracts from postmortem human SN from neurologically healthy controls and PD patients, probed for TMBIM6 and GAPDH (loading control). Full, uncropped blots are provided in Supplementary Material. F Densitometric quantification of TMBIM6 from blots in ( E ). Band intensities were normalized to GAPDH for each lane; individual data points are shown with mean ± SEM (n = 9–10 per group). For experiments involving more than two groups, a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. Pairwise comparisons between two groups were analyzed using unpaired t-test ( B ) or the Mann–Whitney U test ( F ). All bars represent mean ± SEM. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; **=p < 0.01; ***=p < 0.001; ****=p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: In Silico, Expressing, Western Blot, Control, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Graph shows validation of decreased Tmbim6 mRNA levels after 48 h of siRNA transfection in SN4741. B , C Representative immunoblots and quantification show mTmbim6 KD cells after 48 h. D Cytotoxicity assay shows cell death induced by 10 μM Tunicamycin after 24 h in KD cells. Results are expressed as % of LDH release. E Cytotoxicity assay shows cell death induced by 50 μM 6-OHDA after 24 h in KD cells. F Retention of DiOC6(3) assay shows the effect of aSyn on ΔΨm in KD cells after 18 h. Results are expressed as % of DiOC6(3) retention. G MTT assay shows mitochondrial-dependent cell death induced by aSyn in KD cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as % of MTT. H DEVD-AMC fluorescent assay shows the effect of aSyn on Caspase-3 activity in Tmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as fold change of DEVD-AMC fluorescence intensity relative to vehicle. I Cytotoxicity assay shows the KD cell death induced by aSyn after 24 h. J Representative immunoblot of high–molecular-weight (HMW) aSyn species in SN4741 cells transfected with si Cntrl or si Tmbim6 and treated with 10 µM aSyn PFFs for 24 h; Tubulin was used as a loading control. K Densitometric quantification of HMW aSyn bands from the experiment described in ( J ) (integrated density normalized to Tubulin). All bars represent mean ± SEM. For experiments involving more than two groups, a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. Pairwise comparisons between two groups were analyzed using unpaired t-test ( A , C ) or the Mann–Whitney U test ( K ). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; **=p < 0.01; ***=p < 0.001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: Biomarker Discovery, Transfection, Western Blot, Cytotoxicity Assay, MTT Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, High Molecular Weight, Control, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A d Tmbim6 mRNA expression on homogenized flies’ heads. Results are expressed as fold change of mRNA expression. The bars represent mean ± SEM. B Optic image of eye integrity in RNAi-dTmbim6 flies incubated at 25 °C. C Quantification of eye integrity score in RNAi- dTmbim6 flies incubated at 25 °C (n = 25 per group). D Immunostaining of TH+ neurons in the lamina of RNAi-dTmbim6 flies incubated at 25 °C (n = 6 per group). E Quantification of the number of TH+ neurons in the lamina of RNAi-dTmbim6 flies incubated at 25 °C (n = 6 per group). F Schematic representation of rotenone-induced PD model in D. mel . G Spontaneous activity in DAergic RNAi-dTmbim6 flies after exposition to rotenone 300 μM for 7 days (n = 6 populations of 12 flies). H Climbing assay showed the motor ability of DAergic RNAi-dTmbim6 flies exposed to rotenone 300 μM for 7 days (n = 12 per group). I Representative confocal images of IF assay showed TH+ cells from DAergic RNAi-dTmbim6 flies exposed to rotenone 300 μM for 7 days. J The numbers of TH+ cells were quantified in each DAergic cluster, and K the somal size was analyzed (n = 7 per group). All bars represent mean ± SEM. For experiments involving more than two groups, a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. Pairwise comparisons between two groups were analyzed using unpaired t-test ( A , C ) or the Mann–Whitney U test ( E ). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; ** = p < 0.01; ***= p < 0.001; ****= p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: Expressing, Incubation, Immunostaining, Activity Assay, Climbing Assay, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative immunoblot shows a stable expression of TMBIM6 HA in SN4741 cells. B Cytotoxicity assay shows the cell death induced by Tunicamycin in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells after 24 h. C , D MTT assay shows cell death induced by 6-OHDA or rotenone in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as % of MTT. E Retention of DiOC6(3) assay shows the effect of aSyn on ΔΨm in SN4741 hTMBIM6 HA cells after 18 h. Results are expressed as % of DiOC6(3) retention. F MTT assay shows cell death induced by aSyn in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells after 24 h. G DEVD-AMC fluorescent assay shows the effect of aSyn on Caspase-3 activity in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells after 24 h. H Cytotoxicity assay shows the cell death induced by aSyn in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells after 24 h. I Representative immunoblot of HMW aSyn species in Mock or TMBIM6 HA cells treated with aSyn PFFs for 24 h; TCE staining was used as a loading control. J Densitometric quantification of HMW aSyn bands from the experiment described in J (integrated density normalized to TCE). K Representative immunoblot shows expression of TMBIM6 HA and TMBIM6 D213A/HA in SN4741 cells. L MTT assay shows cell death induced by Tunicamycin and Thapsigargin in SN4741 Mock, TMBIM6 HA , and TMBIM6 D213A/HA cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as % of MTT. M Cytotoxicity assay shows the cell death induced by aSyn in SN4741 TMBIM6 HA and TMBIM6 D213A/HA cells after 24 h. N Cytotoxicity assay shows the cell death induced by aSyn after 10 days in PCNs transfected with Mock, TMBIM6 HA and TMBIM6 D213A/HA constructs. All bars represent mean ± SEM. For experiments involving more than two groups, a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. Pairwise comparisons between two groups were analyzed using the Mann–Whitney U test. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; **=p < 0.01; ***=p < 0.001; ****=p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: Western Blot, Expressing, Cytotoxicity Assay, MTT Assay, Fluorescence, Activity Assay, Staining, Control, Transfection, Construct, Comparison, MANN-WHITNEY

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A An in-silico assay using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) software shows the canonical pathways significantly associated with TMBIM6 interactors. B , C UMAP visualizations of the snRNA-seq dataset (GEO: GSE178265 ) from human postmortem substantia nigra. B shows TMBIM6 expression across all nuclei, while C distinguishes nuclei from healthy and PD donors. D Dot plot comparing the expression of TMBIM6 and UPR-related genes ( HSPA5, ERN1, XBP1, BLOC1S1 ) between healthy and PD conditions across all nuclei. E UMAP plot identifying resistant and vulnerable DAergic neuron populations within the dataset. F Dot plot comparing gene expression between resistant and vulnerable DAergic neurons within the PD cohort. For dot plots ( D , F ), dot size represents the percentage of cells expressing the gene, and color intensity indicates the mean expression level. Statistical significance for the differential expression shown in ( D , F ) was determined using the Model-based Analysis of Single-cell Transcriptomics (MAST) test. Full statistical details, including FDR-adjusted p-values, are provided in Supplementary Fig. .

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: In Silico, Software, Expressing, Gene Expression, Quantitative Proteomics, Single-cell Transcriptomics

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Representative images show red fluorescent dots of PLA assay to TMBIM6 HA /IRE1a in stable SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells exposed to aSyn. B Quantification of PLA dots per cell. Kruskal-Wallis followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. C In SN4741 siRNA- mTMBIM6 cells, an RT-qPCR assay shows the effect of aSyn on mRNA levels of mouse XBP1s ( mXbp1s ), D mouse BLOCS1 (mBlocs1) , and E mouse BIP (mBip) . F In SN4741 TMBIM6 HA cells, RT-qPCR assay shows the effect of aSyn in mXbp1s , G mBlocs1 , and H mBip , mRNA levels. Results are expressed as fold change, and bars represent mean ± SEM. All bars represent mean ± SEM. In ( B ), a Kruskal–Wallis test was performed followed by Dunn’s multiple comparison test. For experiments involving more than two groups, a two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed ( C – H ). Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; ***=p < 0.001; ****=p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: Comparison, Quantitative RT-PCR

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A , B Cytotoxicity assay shows the effect of IRE1a inhibition using MKC or 4 μ 8c on cell death induced by aSyn in Tmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as % of LDH release. C Cytotoxicity assay shows the effect of PERK inhibitor on cell death induced by aSyn in mTmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. D A RT-qPCR assay shows effective double knockdown of both mTmbim6 (left panel) and mIre1 a (right panel) in SN4741 cells. Results are expressed as fold change, and bars represent mean ± SEM. One way ANOVA, Dunnett´s multiple comparation test. E Cytotoxicity assay shows downregulation of mIRE1a over cell death induced by aSyn in mTmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. Results are expressed as % of LDH release. F Cytotoxicity assay shows the JNK inhibitor AS60125 over cell death induced by aSyn in mTmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. G Cytotoxicity assay shows the BAX inhibitor BAI-1 over cell death induced by aSyn in mTmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. H Cytotoxicity assay shows the pan-caspase inhibitor ZVAD-FMK (casp-inh) over cell death induced by aSyn in mTmbim6 KD cells after 24 h. All bars represent mean ± SEM. In ( D ), a one-way ANOVA followed by Dunnett’s multiple comparison test was performed, whereas in ( E , F , G , H ), a two-way ANOVA with Tukey’s multiple comparisons test was conducted. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; **=p < 0.01; ***=p < 0.001; ****=p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: Cytotoxicity Assay, Inhibition, Quantitative RT-PCR, Knockdown, Comparison

Journal: Cell Death & Disease

Article Title: TMBIM6 enhances dopaminergic neuron survival by modulating the IRE1a pathway in Parkinson’s disease

doi: 10.1038/s41419-025-08391-5

Figure Lengend Snippet: A Effect of two 6-OHDA doses on motor performance of mice, as a pharmacologic in vivo PD model (n = 4 per condition). Results are expressed as a percentage of contralateral forelimb use. B Timeline of in vivo transduction of the AAV-TMBIM6 HA/GFP and AAV-Mock GFP in SN and motor performance measurements in mice wild-type lesioned with 6-OHDA in CPu. C Cylinder test shows the effect of AAV-TMBIM6 HA/GFP and AAV-Mock GFP expression in SN over forelimb use after 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-weeks post-injection (wpi). The colored area shows treatment with 6-OHDA injuries in the CPu. Results are expressed as a percentage of contralateral forelimb use (n Mockl = 4 and n TMBIM6 = 5). D Beam test shows the effect of the AAV-TMBIM6 HA/GFP and AAV-Mock GFP expression in SN on balance and coordination after 2, 3, 4, and 5 weeks after injection. The colored area shows treatment with 6-OHDA injury in the CPu. Results are expressed as the number of paws slips (n Mockl = 4 and n TMBIM6 = 5). E Effect of the AAV-TMBIM6 HA/GFP and AAV-Mock GFP expression over time, animals used to complete the Beam test during 2-, 3-, 4-, and 5-wpi. The colored area shows treatment with 6-OHDA injury in the CPu. Results are expressed as the time in seconds to complete the test (n Mockl = 4 and n TMBIM6 = 5). All bars represent mean ± SEM. In all tests, two-way ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test was performed. Statistical significance (p < 0.05) between samples is indicated in the figures as follows: *=p < 0.05; **=p < 0.01; ***=p < 0.001; ****=p < 0.0001.

Article Snippet: Using data on TMBIM6 mRNA expression levels from The Human Protein Atlas database (THPA) [ ], we confirmed through in silico analysis that TMBIM6 is expressed in various cortical regions of the human brain, with notably high expression in the midbrain and retina, two areas rich in DAergic cells [ , ] (Fig. ).

Techniques: In Vivo, Transduction, Expressing, Injection, Comparison

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Disorder of the immune and inflammatory response involving galectin-1, -3 and -7 in women with invasive breast cancer – potential importance in diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1773190

Figure Lengend Snippet: mRNA LGALS7 expression among luminal A, luminal B, non-luminal HER2+, TNBC BC subtypes (A) and luminal (luminal A and luminal B) and non-luminal (non-luminal HER2+ and TNBC) cancers (B) and control group.

Article Snippet: In the case of galectin-1, low serum concentration (0,45 ng/ml in invasive BC and 0,06 ng/ml in control group) and high mRNA expression level may indicate that circulating immune cells may constitute a significant source of its expression.

Techniques: Expressing, Control

Journal: Frontiers in Oncology

Article Title: Disorder of the immune and inflammatory response involving galectin-1, -3 and -7 in women with invasive breast cancer – potential importance in diagnosis and monitoring the course of the disease

doi: 10.3389/fonc.2026.1773190

Figure Lengend Snippet: Summary of the obtained results for the concentration and mRNA expression of galectins in breast cancer (Created in BioRender. Mielczarek-Palacz, A. (2026) https://BioRender.com/5fq4ju0 ).

Article Snippet: In the case of galectin-1, low serum concentration (0,45 ng/ml in invasive BC and 0,06 ng/ml in control group) and high mRNA expression level may indicate that circulating immune cells may constitute a significant source of its expression.

Techniques: Concentration Assay, Expressing

Journal: Journal of Ovarian Research

Article Title: Pan-cancer profiling links C1orf50 to DNA repair and immune modulation in ovarian cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Genomic alterations and mRNA expression of C1orf50 across 33 TCGA cancer types. A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset. B Lollipop plot showing the distribution of somatic mutations in C1orf50 (transcript variant 1, NM_024097 ) across TCGA pan-cancer samples. Green dots represent missense mutations, and red dots represent nonsense mutations. The vertical axis indicates the number of samples harboring a mutation at the same amino acid position. C Proportion of mutated cases by mutation type across 33 TCGA cancer types. Missense (VUS) and truncating (VUS) mutations are shown separately. D Relative composition of copy-number alteration categories (amplification, gain, diploid, shallow deletion, deep deletion) in C1orf50 across TCGA cancer types. E Violin plots showing C1orf50 mRNA expression levels by cancer type, mutation status, and copy-number category. Circles represent individual tumor samples; colors indicate mutation type and copy-number status as defined in the legend

Article Snippet: A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset.

Techniques: Expressing, Variant Assay, Mutagenesis, Amplification

Journal: Journal of Ovarian Research

Article Title: Pan-cancer profiling links C1orf50 to DNA repair and immune modulation in ovarian cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: Association of C1orf50 expression with genomic instability, pathway activity, and immune cell composition across TCGA cancers. A Spearman correlations between C1orf50 mRNA expression and key genomic instability metrics, including chromosomal instability (CIN) index, fraction of genome altered (FGA), microsatellite instability (MSI) score, tumor mutational burden (TMB), and homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores. Color scale denotes correlation coefficient (rho). Asterisks indicate statistical significance (* FDR < 0.05, ** FDR < 0.01, *** FDR < 0.001; false discovery rate adjusted using the Benjamini–Hochberg method). B Heatmap of normalized enrichment scores (NES) from Gene Set Enrichment Analysis (GSEA) using Hallmark gene sets, comparing C1orf50 -high versus C1orf50 -low tumors (median split) within each of the 33 TCGA cancer types. Significance is based on Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted FDR values (* FDR < 0.05, ** FDR < 0.01, *** FDR < 0.001). C Spearman correlations between C1orf50 expression and CIBERSORT-estimated immune cell fractions across TCGA cancer types. Positive values indicate higher abundance, and negative values indicate lower abundance of the corresponding immune cell type in C1orf50 -high tumors. Significance is based on Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted FDR values (* FDR < 0.05, ** FDR < 0.01, *** FDR < 0.001)

Article Snippet: A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset.

Techniques: Expressing, Activity Assay, Homologous Recombination

Journal: Journal of Ovarian Research

Article Title: Pan-cancer profiling links C1orf50 to DNA repair and immune modulation in ovarian cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: C1orf50 amplification is associated with increased expression and an immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment in ovarian cancer. A GISTIC2.0 analysis of the TCGA ovarian cancer cohort showing recurrent copy-number alterations across the genome. The 1p34.2 locus containing C1orf50 is indicated. B C1orf50 mRNA expression stratified by copy-number status (Other = diploid or deletion; Amp/Gain = amplification or gain). C C1orf50 mRNA expression by FIGO stage (II, III, IV). D Top five significantly upregulated and downregulated proteins in C1orf50 -high versus C1orf50 -low tumors, identified by reverse-phase protein array (RPPA) analysis. Bars represent log₂ fold change; p-values are indicated. E Unsupervised clustering of CIBERSORT-estimated immune cell fractions in ovarian cancer, identifying three immune clusters (C1-C3). Heatmaps show the immune cell composition (left) and the mean z-scores per cluster (right). Boxplots depict Treg and M2 macrophage abundance, and C1orf50 mRNA expression, by cluster. Significance levels: * p < 0.05, ** p < 0.01, *** p < 0.001, **** p < 0.0001

Article Snippet: A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset.

Techniques: Amplification, Expressing, Protein Array

Journal: Journal of Ovarian Research

Article Title: Pan-cancer profiling links C1orf50 to DNA repair and immune modulation in ovarian cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: C1orf50 -associated modulation of tumor-immune cell communication networks in ovarian cancer single-cell transcriptomes. A UMAP plot of annotated cell types used for CellChat analysis. B Bar plots showing the total number of inferred ligand-receptor interactions and overall interaction strength in C1orf50 -low and C1orf50 -high groups. C Heatmaps depicting differences in the number (left) and strength (right) of interactions between source (y-axis) and receiver (x-axis) cell types. Red indicates higher signaling in the C1orf50 -high group, blue indicates higher signaling in the C1orf50 -low group. Top bar plots represent cumulative incoming signals, and side bar plots indicate outgoing signals. D Bubble plots of differentially enriched ligand-receptor pairs between C1orf50 -high and C1orf50 -low cancer cells. Dot size denotes statistical significance, and color indicates communication probability. Immune checkpoint- and suppression-related interactions (e.g., NECTIN-TIGIT, PGE2-PTGER, MIF-CD74) are enriched in C1orf50 -high tumors. E Bar plots of pathway-level information flow from cancer cells to selected immune cell subsets, comparing C1orf50 -high (red) and C1orf50 -low (blue) tumors. Abbreviations: DC, dendritic cell; M1, M1 macrophage; M2, M2 macrophage. Information flow represents the overall communication strength of a signaling pathway

Article Snippet: A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset.

Techniques:

Journal: Journal of Ovarian Research

Article Title: Pan-cancer profiling links C1orf50 to DNA repair and immune modulation in ovarian cancer

doi: 10.1186/s13048-025-01916-8

Figure Lengend Snippet: C1orf50 overexpression is associated with genomic instability and altered regulation of the DNA repair pathway in ovarian cancer. A - C Genomic instability metrics comparing C1orf50 -high and C1orf50 -low ovarian tumors, including tumor mutation burden (TMB; p = 0.0044), homologous recombination deficiency (HRD) scores ( p = 0.00031), and loss of heterozygosity (LOH) fraction ( p = 0.0037) (Wilcoxon rank-sum test). D Stacked alteration frequencies of BRCA1 and BRCA2 , showing a higher prevalence of BRCA1/2 alterations in the C1orf50 -high group ( p = 0.012), with a modest predominance of BRCA2 events (Fisher’s exact test). E – F Mutational signature analysis demonstrating enrichment of the APOBEC-associated SBS13 (22.5% vs. 9.7%, p = 0.014; Fisher’s exact test), and a higher prevalence of the HR-deficiency-associated ID8 (56.4% vs. 44.6%, p = 0.12; Fisher’s exact test) in C1orf50 -high tumors. G Expression of DNA repair genes across HRR, NHEJ, MMR, and Fanconi anemia pathways. Most core repair genes ( ATM, ATR, BARD1, BRCA1/2, FANCC/D2/I, MSH3, PMS2, PRKDC, TP53BP1 ) were broadly downregulated, while a subset ( NHEJ1, PAXX, EPCAM, PCNA, RAD51B/C ) showed significant upregulation (Wilcoxon rank-sum test)

Article Snippet: A C1orf50 mRNA expression levels (nTPM) in normal human tissues based on the Human Protein Atlas Consensus dataset.

Techniques: Over Expression, Mutagenesis, Homologous Recombination, Expressing